Month's issue | Section 10306 of report date: 2014/06/30 | pre Newsletter | Free Subscription | About ITRI | Materials World Network electrochromic material development trend text / ITRI Materials and Chemical Research Institute Gong Yurui , Lv Qiming electrochromic material electrically active (Electroactive) in the electric field, the electrochemical oxidation-reduction reaction, and the pros and cons of electronic, so that the material can be caused by changes in order to change the color. Figure 1 shows the typical structure of an electrochromic element. When the components operate in the transparent conductive layer is applied between two certain field, electrochromic material oxidation discoloration occurs in the electric field reduction reaction, the material produces color changes; and special conductive electrolyte layer by ion material, such as perchlorate lithium and other electrically conductive solution or the solid electrolyte material; ion storage layer in an electrochromic material while saving corresponding reverse family guy new episode ion redox reaction, to keep the entire charge-balancing family guy new episode effect, the ion storage layer can also be used with the electrochromic layer Instead of electrical material, which can achieve an addition or complementary color effect. family guy new episode E.g., electrochromic layer used is an anode (oxidation) electrochromic material, the ion storage layer may be a cathode (reduction) electrochromic material as the second electrochromic layer.
Currently family guy new episode popular family guy new episode Transitions Optical is a passive type of photochromic technology, as long as there are indoor UV exist, the lens will continue to show a dark, although the sustainable protection of the eyes but can not change the brightness family guy new episode of the lens according to personal needs. Active discoloration discoloration situational elements required by the user-control, has the potential to be more on the operation. Currently, there are three common techniques: 1 RSP component family guy new episode technology (Suspended Particle Device; SPD); 2 polymer-dispersed liquid crystal technology (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal; PDLC); 3 electrochromic technology (Electro family guy new episode Chromic; EC) . These three active color technology, the biggest family guy new episode difference family guy new episode is that the conversion family guy new episode mode light between the state and the dark state, SPD and all is bright state PDLC need continuous power caused by energy consumption, while the EC required power only when needed dark effect, In actual usage scenarios, EC discoloration technical patterns more dominant. A can be learned from Table, the advantages of PDLC technology family guy new episode is SPD and fast response (<100 family guy new episode ms), the use of either a simple process to obtain family guy new episode a film-state products, but both have the need of a higher driving family guy new episode voltage and no memory effect disadvantages. In addition, particle SPD shall use a special structure, the relative cost increase; and PDLC is an operating temperature limits, and can not resist the infrared and ultraviolet light, easily lead to deterioration of the liquid crystal molecules; from EC characteristics of view, electrochromic technique, its bright state of penetration up to 75%, a low driving voltage is superior SPD and PDLC, only 5V or less, the material can withstand not only the heat radiation of infrared rays, can block ultraviolet rays, with the use of the the potential of green energy technologies. family guy new episode However, EC biggest drawback is that the reaction is slow and costly coating processes and systems required to drive, so global research institutions and industries are focused on reducing the key issues to break the slow reaction time and costs so that EC technology to more popular family guy new episode in everyday life.
Electrochromic materials can be divided into inorganic materials and organic materials. Inorganic material is divided into a metal oxide and a covalent bond metal complexes, wherein family guy new episode the metal oxide material is the most representative of tungsten trioxide (WO3), and the principle of color is mainly d orbital energy dielectric inorganic material The energy range of the visible light region of, so the changes in valence of the metal oxide, which can cover just the visible region, the naked eye can see the reflection color. The most common covalent metal complexes is Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) (Fig. B), when the partial family guy new episode oxidation becomes Prussian green (Prussian Green), showing Prussia brown (Prussian Brown) when completely oxidized, and the reverse family guy new episode reduction process can be obtained Prussia white (Prussian White), whose principle is to change its absorption spectrum of energy absorption of the material itself under a different family guy new episode number of valence.
At present, foreign electrical system energy development family guy new episode electrochromic window wisdom company has US SAGE Electrochromics, PPG, View Inc. (formerly Soladigm), French Saint-Gobain, Germany EControl-Glas, Gesimat; there Hsinchu family guy new episode domestic Sheng Trade and Technology and Tainan Tai Tebo wisdom material. For example SAGE Electrochromics (SAGE) dynamic electrochromic glass, based sputtering inorganic metal oxide to strengthen family guy new episode the glass, and with a composite layer structure composed of wisdom window. Less than 5V voltage can be applied so that the coating of lithium ions and electrons from an electrochromic layer was transferred to another electrochromic layer glass darkens so that (Figure 3 (b)). Reverse voltage is given to the ion and electron return to its original color layer, but let the glass returns to its transparent family guy new episode state (Figure 3 (a)).
After the automatic family guy new episode anti-glare electrochromic mirror electrochromic material prepared by the electronic sensor system can, depending on the intensity of the external light intensity of the reflected light is adjusted to achieve the effect of glare, make driving safer use of human anti-glare and outside the vehicle interior family guy new episode Endoscopy. At present, foreign companies are mostly dominated by Gentex, almost all higher-order depot cars have anti-glare rearview mirror, as the basic equipment. Its electrochromic material is viologen derivatives using small molecule liquid system, which features no memory effect for when no rear light, it will automatically fade, the only drawback is incomplete or damaged packaging, which will change family guy new episode color solution fluid leakage phenomenon. family guy new episode
Transparent electrode material developed by the institute of photochromic inks, with fade state is transparent (in the visible region of greater than 75% penetration), while demand for color colored state to follow the regulation (colored state can be less than 5% penetration ) characteristics. Currently electric family guy new episode car assembly plant developed in cooperation with a variety of color ink electrochromic family guy new episode rearview mirror, and the use of organic / inorganic hybrid technology, so electrochromic inks become colloidal, even to the film state, did not affect their reaction time. In addition, material of the collaboration with the center of the display, the processes and materials and components integrated electronic driving system, the regulation applied to optically transparent display layer to improve the light leakage problem of low contrast and a transparent display, the display industry is expected to improve the domestic energy.
Electrochromic technology in a steady state of the display medium, which has the advantage that regulation of the bistable, and color on the other, the advantage of low driving voltage. family guy new episode Whether in the construction of green energy, traffic safety, and even monitor the application, are great market potential. family guy new episode Electrochromic element can use its modified material family guy new episode structure, elements and micro structure of the electrode drive mode modified to improve discoloration time. In the color section, the chemical structure can be modified family guy new episode inorganic hybrid material doped mixed colors or elements stacked combination of complementary way to achieve full-color elements. On electrochromic technology point of view, most of them around in the nature of the material, future research and industry for the use of special materials in different contexts, and is also an important issue for the subsequent development of this technology.
Currently family guy new episode popular family guy new episode Transitions Optical is a passive type of photochromic technology, as long as there are indoor UV exist, the lens will continue to show a dark, although the sustainable protection of the eyes but can not change the brightness family guy new episode of the lens according to personal needs. Active discoloration discoloration situational elements required by the user-control, has the potential to be more on the operation. Currently, there are three common techniques: 1 RSP component family guy new episode technology (Suspended Particle Device; SPD); 2 polymer-dispersed liquid crystal technology (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal; PDLC); 3 electrochromic technology (Electro family guy new episode Chromic; EC) . These three active color technology, the biggest family guy new episode difference family guy new episode is that the conversion family guy new episode mode light between the state and the dark state, SPD and all is bright state PDLC need continuous power caused by energy consumption, while the EC required power only when needed dark effect, In actual usage scenarios, EC discoloration technical patterns more dominant. A can be learned from Table, the advantages of PDLC technology family guy new episode is SPD and fast response (<100 family guy new episode ms), the use of either a simple process to obtain family guy new episode a film-state products, but both have the need of a higher driving family guy new episode voltage and no memory effect disadvantages. In addition, particle SPD shall use a special structure, the relative cost increase; and PDLC is an operating temperature limits, and can not resist the infrared and ultraviolet light, easily lead to deterioration of the liquid crystal molecules; from EC characteristics of view, electrochromic technique, its bright state of penetration up to 75%, a low driving voltage is superior SPD and PDLC, only 5V or less, the material can withstand not only the heat radiation of infrared rays, can block ultraviolet rays, with the use of the the potential of green energy technologies. family guy new episode However, EC biggest drawback is that the reaction is slow and costly coating processes and systems required to drive, so global research institutions and industries are focused on reducing the key issues to break the slow reaction time and costs so that EC technology to more popular family guy new episode in everyday life.
Electrochromic materials can be divided into inorganic materials and organic materials. Inorganic material is divided into a metal oxide and a covalent bond metal complexes, wherein family guy new episode the metal oxide material is the most representative of tungsten trioxide (WO3), and the principle of color is mainly d orbital energy dielectric inorganic material The energy range of the visible light region of, so the changes in valence of the metal oxide, which can cover just the visible region, the naked eye can see the reflection color. The most common covalent metal complexes is Prussian blue (Prussian Blue) (Fig. B), when the partial family guy new episode oxidation becomes Prussian green (Prussian Green), showing Prussia brown (Prussian Brown) when completely oxidized, and the reverse family guy new episode reduction process can be obtained Prussia white (Prussian White), whose principle is to change its absorption spectrum of energy absorption of the material itself under a different family guy new episode number of valence.
At present, foreign electrical system energy development family guy new episode electrochromic window wisdom company has US SAGE Electrochromics, PPG, View Inc. (formerly Soladigm), French Saint-Gobain, Germany EControl-Glas, Gesimat; there Hsinchu family guy new episode domestic Sheng Trade and Technology and Tainan Tai Tebo wisdom material. For example SAGE Electrochromics (SAGE) dynamic electrochromic glass, based sputtering inorganic metal oxide to strengthen family guy new episode the glass, and with a composite layer structure composed of wisdom window. Less than 5V voltage can be applied so that the coating of lithium ions and electrons from an electrochromic layer was transferred to another electrochromic layer glass darkens so that (Figure 3 (b)). Reverse voltage is given to the ion and electron return to its original color layer, but let the glass returns to its transparent family guy new episode state (Figure 3 (a)).
After the automatic family guy new episode anti-glare electrochromic mirror electrochromic material prepared by the electronic sensor system can, depending on the intensity of the external light intensity of the reflected light is adjusted to achieve the effect of glare, make driving safer use of human anti-glare and outside the vehicle interior family guy new episode Endoscopy. At present, foreign companies are mostly dominated by Gentex, almost all higher-order depot cars have anti-glare rearview mirror, as the basic equipment. Its electrochromic material is viologen derivatives using small molecule liquid system, which features no memory effect for when no rear light, it will automatically fade, the only drawback is incomplete or damaged packaging, which will change family guy new episode color solution fluid leakage phenomenon. family guy new episode
Transparent electrode material developed by the institute of photochromic inks, with fade state is transparent (in the visible region of greater than 75% penetration), while demand for color colored state to follow the regulation (colored state can be less than 5% penetration ) characteristics. Currently electric family guy new episode car assembly plant developed in cooperation with a variety of color ink electrochromic family guy new episode rearview mirror, and the use of organic / inorganic hybrid technology, so electrochromic inks become colloidal, even to the film state, did not affect their reaction time. In addition, material of the collaboration with the center of the display, the processes and materials and components integrated electronic driving system, the regulation applied to optically transparent display layer to improve the light leakage problem of low contrast and a transparent display, the display industry is expected to improve the domestic energy.
Electrochromic technology in a steady state of the display medium, which has the advantage that regulation of the bistable, and color on the other, the advantage of low driving voltage. family guy new episode Whether in the construction of green energy, traffic safety, and even monitor the application, are great market potential. family guy new episode Electrochromic element can use its modified material family guy new episode structure, elements and micro structure of the electrode drive mode modified to improve discoloration time. In the color section, the chemical structure can be modified family guy new episode inorganic hybrid material doped mixed colors or elements stacked combination of complementary way to achieve full-color elements. On electrochromic technology point of view, most of them around in the nature of the material, future research and industry for the use of special materials in different contexts, and is also an important issue for the subsequent development of this technology.
